Certified Public Accountants and Auditing Oversight Board. (n.d.). CPA examination and registration process. Financial Services Agency. https://www.fsa.go.jp/cpaaob/english/

CPA profession. (n.d.). Japanese Institute of Certified Public Accountants. https://jicpa.or.jp/english/what-we-do/profession/

Data Pandas. (2025, March 28). Literacy rate by country. https://www.datapandas.org/ranking/literacy-rate-by-country

Japan Federation of Bar Associations. (n.d.). Legal training and qualification system in Japan. https://www.nichibenren.or.jp/en/about/training.html

JAPAN Educational Travel. (2025, January 24). Japanese educational system. https://education.jnto.go.jp/en/school-in-japan/japanese-education-system/

Japanese Educational system. (n.d.). Study in Japan Official Website. https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/en/planning/educational-system/

Japanese Institute of Certified Public Accountants. (n.d.). Continuing Professional Development. https://jicpa.or.jp/english/what-we-do/education/

Japanese Nursing Association. (n.d.). Nursing education in Japan. https://www.nurse.or.jp/english/activities/education.html

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. (n.d.). Teacher certification and training system in Japan. https://www.mext.go.jp/en/

NIC-Japan, National Information Center for Academic Recognition Japan. (n.d.). Overview of the Japanese education system. https://www.nicjp.niad.ac.jp/en/japanese-system/about.html

Overview of Japanese Nursing system | Japanese Nursing Association. (n.d.). 公益社団法人日本看護協会. https://www.nurse.or.jp/english/activities/system.html

Statista. (2024, August 1). Number of universities Japan 2014–2023, by type. https://www.statista.com/statistics/647382/japan-university-number-by-type/

日本弁護士連合会. (n.d.). The Japanese attorney system. https://www.nichibenren.or.jp/en/about/judicial_system/attorney_system.html

Japan Grading System