Overview of the General Education System

Education in Iraq dates back centuries, but the modern formal system of education in Iraq dates to the early 20th century with influences from the Ottoman Empire and British colonial rule. Modern formal education system was established in the 1920s. Over the decades, it has evolved through various political systems and conflicts, including the Ba’athist rule and the post-2003 era.

The formal education system in Iraq consists of primary, secondary and higher education levels. Beginning in the 1970s, the government implemented reforms to expand access and improve quality. However, the education system has faced significant disruptions due to ongoing conflicts. Elementary and secondary education in Iraq is overseen by the Ministry of Education. Primary education typically lasts six years. It focuses on basic literacy and numeracy. Secondary education lasts six years and is divided into two phases: intermediate (lower secondary) and preparatory (upper secondary). Students can choose between general and vocational paths. Students typically take a national exam after 12th grade to receive a high school diploma, which is necessary for university admission.

Education is compulsory from ages 6 to 12, covering primary education. Higher education is overseen by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MOHESR). This includes universities and technical institutes. The ministry monitors the performance of universities and allocates their budgets.